heyland



Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

A. HEYLAND.

POLYPHASE DYNAMO AND MOTOR.

APPLICATION riuo JUNE 1 m4.

1,41 1,354. Pawmd Apr. 4, 1922.

2 SHLE [5*SNEET 2.

they would directly s UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

V nnnxmnn EBYIBANID, orf nnussnns, BELGIUM.

ronrrmsn nrnnrro' moron V Specification of if et terairatentn Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

Application filed. Julie 1, 191;. Serial no; $42,110: omm'rsn UNDER 'rnn rnovrsrons or 'rnnnc'ror BAH-CK 3. 1921, an arm. n, 1313.

To all whomit may concern: I Be it lmown-that I, Annxmnnn Hume, engineer, sub'ect of the German Emperor,

res ding at russels, Belgium, 96 Rue de Stassert, have invented contain new and usel Jmrwr me n. yr 765 end Motors (for which I have file appliations-inermany June 14,1913, Patent 1%; ,269307 and April 1, 191%,) oi which the following is a, specification. E v. Myinvention relates to improvements in polyphnse dynamo's and motors. 7

Single phase repulsion motors are known, which huve brushes shortcircnited monoaxially in relation to the field, and nrestarted end regulated .byregulstin the field or by rotating the field orhru es. Besides having other advantages these motors are simple both as reggrrds. construction and control, rind ior thisrenson they have been used in,- polyphcsesystems forlargegout n ts, by a three phnsecurrent on; soon princip e into two single phase currents and sing.- two. coupled single phase repulsion motors instead of asi-ngle motor.

kinds of single phase commutator motors with two bi-nxial sets of, brushes, one set either, in-the main axis,-or in enoixis perpendicularor; inclined thereto, being-short circnited enclosed upon ;itself;-over o low zpressure exciton, and the other 'onc being used as: a revolution re 1- latorandzu'ranged 111;! cucult n'whrchi he pressure and current-,are variable within widelimits. i r 2 This method cannot, ;;be directly ,edopted ,lwith poly phase, commutator motors, owing -to the stator, winding producing a field in Evcriousdirectionsu p o. I g

If the armature of a polyphase o tutor. motor were short circuitedjover two Ebrushes,

the latter would lie neutral to one axis, but in the axis erpendicular thereto ort circuit the coils furnishing the. ampere turns. would beexactly the some as if the armature of a pol phase induction motor were shortcimurtcc over two slip rings instead of three, nnd although these motors can be started they have not the some advantages as single phase repulsion motors. A If the urmnture of u polyphsse commutaxonmotor is short circuited' over three brushes, this is in principle identical with a short circuit over three slip rings with :1

. The result polyphase induction motor. In both cases resistances are required for starting. Such motors are also termed three phase repulsion motors, but the certainly have not the ualities of sin e phase repulsion motors. n the other hand repulsion motors for pol phase current are known.- It has been em armoured to endow these motors with the qualities possessed by single base repulsion motors by dividing the po es of the machine into airs which are entirely independent of eadli other, so that to some extent each pa r of poles represents an independent single phase re ulsion motor. Motorsbesed on this princip e are of no rectical value. The present invention is commutator motors, especially with a suitable formof winding, and without dividing-the poles of the machine into pairs, to obtain essentisllyfthelsame advsntages asthosenssociated with-single hose rcpulsion motors, this being efl'ecte by short circuiting the hrushesfin pairs, in ones var "mg according to the number'of phases, t e

shown in e eccoinpanying drawings in which,- g E Figures 1 and 2 are diagrams of single phase repulsion motors in zero position.

igure 31s a bipolar dis/gram of c. three phase commutetor.

Figure 4 hows a brush arrangement.

7 Figure 5. shows the adjustment of the brushes. .Figures 1 and .2 in the first instance are dis rnrnslfor single huse repulsion motors in t e zero position, igure 1 showings simple brush set which short circuits the armsture in the direction indicated h the arrows m, r. In'Figure 2 there are our parallel brush sets which short circuit the armature in the some direction. us shown by arrows as. The circle S shown by a thick line represents the stator winding with the single hose leadsl, I; R is the rotor winding or its connuutator with the brushes shown inside.

The field is indicated by the two arrows inside the rotor and induces in the two 21rmaused on the dis- I 'coverythat It is possible with polyphase lit) ture halves voltages of eqlial size and opposite in phase, as indicator by the small arrows shown outside the rotor, and which in the position shown neutralize each other at opposite sides of the brush axis. If such motors are started, for instance, b turning the brushes. the HITI'QEIIIZS inducer between the brushes will in the first instance sim 1y cause the field axis to rotate, the vertical eonaponent of the same being determined by the stator winding.

The principle of the repulsion motor is based on the'mnno axial component of the stator field, peculiar to the single phase motor and the mono-axial short circuit of the mtor.

Figure 3 shows the bipolar diagram of a three phase coumiuta tor motor with the. three lead s'l, :2, 3 and triaxial short circuit of brushes on axes u, r, 'u'. If the short circuit were mono-axial as is the case with the above mentioned single phase motors, the field would be short circuitcd in one axis and not in the axis perpendicular thereto. With these triaxial short circuits however there can be no appreciable armature field when the xuotcr is at rest. Even assuming the motor to be so wound that the axes of the stator coils as in the position shown, do not coincide with the brushes, the field will be unngllec], with the brushes in any osition by the short circuit currents over the rushes. In this case the field in the rotor would have t have alternately the direction shown by the arrows inside the rotor, forming a triangle, and would create in the separate hal es of the shunt circuits, tensions of difjerent phases, indicated according to their phase by the small arrows shown outside the rotor, These phases always. combine to form components which lie in the direction of the short circuit between each pair of brushes and which short-circuit the armamm in all directions so that the armature has the some action as the shortcircuit armature of an induction motor, and an armeture field cannot occur when the armature is stationary.

According to my in ention an effect smulav to that In single phase repulsion motors is obtained by using a rotor having a chord winding with brushes on a cor'nmutator w hi ch is connected to the winding in the usual way adjacent brushes being connected in airs across chords of the commutator in difiereut '.:'5 according to the number of phases. said lwuslu-s being shortcircuitcd as iudicatrd in Fig. 1: or being connected by a circuit ni' lnw n-nsiou as indicated in om uf tlupal :f brushes in Fig. 5 saiil brushes f any .".|uvtcd 'pair hearing on parts. t {.lm no mutalor' whose angular dislzlilt' apari {'iilll' or lass than the angle lu-twwn tho :2. f tin e eral phases of thr stat r zvmrling.

Figure 4 shows an arrangement of the brushes for carrying out the method of operation jyst described, the brushes 6 and I) being connected in three pairs in the 2:, y and e axes, the distance between the brushes bemg somewhat less than the angle between t e p s o the s r- In this case again, assuming there to be a three phase stator winding with short coils m-erlappin each other to the extent of 5 of the pitch 0 the oles, the'fie'ld produced by the stator would arranged in a trian e. In this" how ever it will be seen rat the currents induced in the short circuits w, a must produce at the unoccupied places a field as indicated by the arrows shown in broken lines, and this field will so overlap the field originally produced by the state} that a manda in field as indicatedby the arrows in full lines will exist between each pair of brushes, in

exactly the same manner as the single field in the single phase repulsion motor,

In the zero position shownin Fig. 503113, a weak magnetizing current flows the brushes, this current just su'fiioin'g to produce the correcting field indicated by the arrows shown in broken lines. In this case, the major portions of the voltages gepee ated in the chords subtended by an? psi;- of shortcircuited brushes are 'neutrgthr etl as indicated by the arrows within the rotor shown in Fig.3.

The effect"descri bed is 'obteined -as stated, by using on the rotore chord winding ro' 'ncing 'on the circumference of the rotor a current distribution in which successive short circuit phases are superimposed. A normal drum winding wouldgPve-n distributio'n such ale, for example; a"nonna'l poly phase winding with star tbrxaeotionfohd does not produce the same 'efiect. The tire halves of "eachcoil are in that case ai ways cliammetricailiy apart, thttt is to say 1*80 in the electrical sense and if the wingin were short eircuited over-three brnshes,- the represented b'y thevedtors rotor would always short circnited upon itself in three axes however close-the brushes are, and there could be no large useful field. This is shown in .Fig. 3.

The stator S is shown diagrammatically only since any known or convenient form of poly'phase winding may be employed thereon. However, I prefer to wind the stator so that its coils combine or overlap in a manner similar to those of the rotor.

Figure 5 shows the adjustment of the brushes during starting ornrhen running.

The brushes 'may for instance be adjusted as a whole, so that Figure 4 becomes similar to Figure 5, -or the brushes b may be fixed for mono-phase current as in the Drimotor, only the brushes 6' being adjusted as indicated by the le end on Fig. 4. Any other known method of adjusting the brushes now in use with or which ma be found convenient for use with single p ase motors may also be used.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the flux caused by the stator may be considered as passing at any given maximum from a pole at the inner end of the stator lead 1 (Figures 4 and 5) to poles at the inner ends of stator leads 2 and 3. This flux of course, will pass in a curved line in the usual manner through the chords or portions of the rotor bounded by radii passing through the inner ends of the stator leads. The flux just mentioned must consequently pass throu h the chords of the rotor winding subten ed by two of the pairs of brushes on the rotor passing into the chord on one side of the line connecting the brushes and out of said chord on the other side of said line. There will thus be set up in the two excited sections or chords of the rotor winding monophase alternating fluxes the axes of which are at right angles to the ,lines connecting the brushes of each pair.

These rotor fluxes are thus at a large angle to the direction of the stator flux, thus providing a magnetic reaction causing a starting torque independent of the rotating effect of the stator field.

The brushes, instead of being short circuited, may be closed over a transformer e so that a certain amount of compensation exists even when the motor is running as a repulsion motor at a certain speed, this being shown in Figure 5 for phase 2 only, for the sake of clearness.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1-- 1. A polyphase commutator dynamo or motor, comprising in combination. a rotor, a chord winding on the rotor, a commutator and brushes on the commutator, connected in pairs in difi'erent axes according to the number of phases adjacent brushes being connected, said brushes bearing on parts of the, commutator whose angular distance apart measured around the commutator periphery diifers from the angle between the axes of the several phases of the stator winding, substantially as described.

2. A polyphase commutator dynamo or motor, comprising in combination, a rotor, a chord winding on the rotor, a commutator and brushes on the commutator, in pairs in different axes according to the number of phases and connected by circuits of low tension, said brushes bearing on parts of the commutator whose angular distance apart measured around the commutator periphery differs from the angle between the axes of the several phases of the stator winding.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER HEYLAND.

Witnesses:

CHARLES A. JonNsoN, CHAS. ROY NASMITH. 

